At sandsloot open pit a single mining costperton was derived for the entire pit. Pdf optimized design of drilling and blasting operations in. Each blast design requires a plan that take into account each particular rock mass. Figure 84 typical bench cut with two free faces and fired with one delay per row. It has been observed that operators pay more attention to blasting than drilling programs. Optimisation of the drill and blast work in the open pit rabenwald. Drilling, blasting, open pit, fragmentation, kuzram model. Drilling production drilling will be done with electric drills with a 15m bench height. Nathan river has consolidated the entire pit toport logistics chain, including open pit mines and 7 days ago. The results show that the best blast performance is obtainable using a drilling pattern 2. Open pit mining refers to mining minerals from, as the name suggests, an open pit.
Blast master plan at ellatzite med copper mine, the largest open pit operat. Divided into two volumes, this accessible work describes the principles involved in hard rock blasting as applied to open pit mines. Pdf optimized design of drilling and blasting operations in open. In open pit mining where rock is hard such that,it requires drilling and blasting techniques to be applied for it to be mineable, the overall costeffectiveness of the. Concrete is mixed on the surface and conveyed down the shaft in a pipe. Drilling and blasting are the major unit operations in opencast mining. Line drilling holes are spaced centre to centre two to four diameters apart. In open pit drill and blast, you will learn how to create required libraries and specification files, layout and load blast holes, run blast reports, and edit holes and explosive tieins. Pdf optimized design of drilling and blasting operations. The depth of the hole will determine the height of the bench in the pit, generally 12. If the blastholes are drilled as a staggered pattern on an equilateral triangular grid, the optimum distribution of the. Delay times to be assigned to individual blast holes, without having to consider the tiein complexities electric initiation sequences. Open air valves before starting to drill with a bit and keep the air on.
Pdf geotechnical applications in open pit mining necmi. Learn to increase blast safety with techniques that help you respect face burden, consider your blast guard radius, and maintain collar location offsets. The two 9,9 m drill pipes are 22 cm in diameter, with a wall thickness of2,54cm. Electronically transfer data, respond to changes in realtime, and generate reconciliation reports. Proper adoption of drilling and blasting can contribute significantly towards profitability and therefore optimization of these parameters is essential. Identify trends and improve blasting performance over time. Effective drill management is a key skill of the drill and blast engineer and is the starting place for the drill and blast design process. Blast design optimisation by adapting the drill and blast parameters to the blasting polygon conditions will achieve the fragmentation target in a continuous. Maciej bodlak1, dominik dmytryk2, piotr mertuszka3. Pdf drilling and blasting practices in nevadas openpit mines.
Optimized design of drilling and blasting operations in open. Improvements in throughput equal improvement in profit. Operational design tips for the drill and blast engineer. Optimisation of the drill and blast work in the open pit. The characterization of the structure of rock masses is an important consideration at the sarcheshmeh mine. Initiation sequences to be designed based on optimised burden relief and effective delay. Create rectangular, triangular and equilateral patterns create vertical or inclined holes on flat, inclined or undulating surfaces. Open pit mining, bench height, multicriteria decision making. This may also lead to spontaneous heating besides creating endanger to unauthorized manual. Selection of practical bench height in open pit mining. Effectively design and implement your blasting plans to achieve consistent highquality results every time. Blast design software blasting pattern software blast. The cost of drilling and blasting operations greatly contributes to the high cost this research was conducted at golden star trends of the overall mining operations anon. The success of achieving these goals depends significantly on good blast design.
Determination of optimum bench height is a major concern in most open pit mines. Eliminate the need for manual data entry by using blastpad datablasts. The machine excavation techniques described above are not widely applicable in underground mining situations, and consideration must therefore be given to what can be done about controlling damage in normal drill and blast operations. The ikon system also integrates with oricas i pro blast design software which ensures. Increased productivity through improved blast design. Technologies for optimizing drilling and blasting in openpit. Fast, efficient open pit drill and blast design deswik. Paper open access pit wall stability and drilling and blasting to cite this article. Datablast is a multiuser system covering the entire open pit drill and blast process from design to infield operations. Blast designer software blades calculates blast plan parameters, explosives charge distribution, initiation timing and sequence, results in terms of rock breakage and fragment size distribution. Proper adoption of drilling and blasting can contribute significantly towards. These provide sufficient length forsinglepass drill ingofthe 15,2mbenches.
While the author was conducting his study 14, he noted many quarry operators were not cognizant of the work mentioned above. Figure 87 analysis of efficient blast design efficient blast designs combined with the proper choice of explosive can produce better fragmentation with. The drill string consists of two drill pipes, astabilizer, and adrillbit. Optimization of drilling and blasting practices at a western us open pit copper mine joel gadikor montana tech follow this and additional works at. Mining costperton, however, varies per zone and therefore should be generated for each geotechnical zone. Line drilling holes are spaced centre to centre two to four diameters apart but are more closely spaced at the corners. Blast pattern the plan view of the drill holes as laid out for blasting. Therefore all aspects of drilling and blasting were examined, from the planning process at the beginning, a wall surveying program, the drilling process, the charging of the holes up to the documentation and measurement of ground vibrations and blasting results. Renard, our flagship developmentstage asset in quebec. Designing a blast pattern design a blast pattern from polygons clip to top bench save to string and blast database use more than one burden and spacing load and tie in charge holes diagonal, vpattern and customised firing patterns create a blast boundary create a blast solid blast report generate a blast. Field tests under prevailing conditions at the gnmc manganese open pit at nsuta, ghana, established that a 2. The first volume introduces basic engineering concepts and the building blocks that make up a blast design. You can add the names of any drill rigs you have on site to this list. Mining costs for unit operations which includes loading.
Often it is the discontinuities and joints and not the intact rock that governs the mechanical and hydrological behavior of the rock mass. Introduction rock breaking by drilling and blasting is the first phase of the production cycle in most of the mining operations. Opdb has been developed to manage the specialized needs of drill and blast designs for open cut mines. Drilling a round of holes blasting removing the broken rock trimming the shaft to form placing the sets in position preparing to drill the next round. Paper open access pit wall stability and drillingandblasting. Thedevelopment ofdrilling andblasting practice atpalabora. Open pit drill blast engineer jobs with salaries indeed. Selection of practical bench height in open pit mining using. It isnow afunction ofthe survey section, whoaccurately plot allthe drill holes. Parameters considered in open pit bench blast design modified after anon, 2012, t, u, s h, l, d, b t.
The influence of drilling process automation on improvement of. Improved blasting and bench slope design at the aitik mine diva. Generates blast plan and according to the delay pattern structure, simulation. A large number of examples illustrate the application of the principles. The main contribution of this work is the proposing of statistical models to determine the correlations between. Rabenwald mine and the state of the art in drilling and blasting. General appraisal history from ancient times to now classifications by operation size by material by level of mechanization operation size huge operations 50 mio t and more big operations 10 miot. A design graph was produced for each pit and geological parameter which involves a pre inspection as part of the blast design sign off. Line drilling is used mostly in small blasting operations and involves small holes in the range of 50 100 mm in diameter. Blasting principles for open pit mining, set of 2 volumes. In open pit mining where rock is hard such that,it requires drilling and blasting techniques to be applied for it to be mineable, the overall costeffectiveness of the production operations requires that drilling and blasting be optimized.
Initially, basic blast design guidelines involving the restrictions mainly vibrations of the blasts were detected, but. You can add a row to the drill rigs table by right clicking a row number and selecting add. Most blasting in mines involves charging explosives into holes drilled in rock. Drilling and blasting for stable pit walls mine water risk in slope stability monitoring and maintaining open pit slopes assessing the risks with open pit mining learning outcomes after successful completion of the course, you will have a better understanding of the open pit mine planning process. Mitchell pit in the ksm project will have an extremely high engineered pit wall and as such, controlled drilling and blasting must be needed to allow safe operation of the pit. A small drilling offset is left between the upper and lower single bench. Drill and blast coordinator open pit and underground location. Fast, efficient drill and blast design for surface mining methods. Adaptive blast design means that the blast design can be modified in real time, by changing hole pat terns or the type and amount of explosive, based on newly acquired information about the rock mass.
Some mining contractors have fitted inthehole hammer drills on tunnel and shaft jumbos to enable them to drill one or several very large open cut holes. Inspite of this the design and implementation of a blast is not given that much priority in our country. Office of surface mining reclamation and enforcement osmre. An existing polygon object is required to generate a drillhole pattern.
This case shows the transition to a worldclass blast master plan at ellatzite med copper mine, the largest open pit operation in bulgaria. Rapidly generate drill holes either manually or through sophisticated automated tools, to deliver a comprehensive blast. Drill rig travel times have decreased significantly geologygeotechnical conditions interact closely with the blast design team once this detailed blast master plan was achieved, the main goal of each one the blasts could be declared and agreed by concerned departments. Drilling and blasting design based on invariable mining parameters matvey matveevich yakubovskiy and alexander andreevich sankovsky mining department, saintpetersburg mining university, saintpetersburg, 21 line v. Blast plan a written procedure that details the methods and manner by which a project blaster will comply with pertinent laws, rules, regulations, and contract documents. Learn to increase blast safety with techniques that help you respect face burden, consider your blast guard radius, and. Optimized design of drilling and blasting operations in open pit mines under technical and economic uncertainties by system dynamic modelling june 2018 international journal of mining science and. Pit wall optimisation and effective wall management. Throughout the blast design process, two overriding prin ciples must be kept in. Optimization of blasting parameters in opencast mines. Oct 23, 2018 lecture overview introduction pit geometry interaction deposit geometry design and management overall process interaction of distinct operations machinery drill rigs, loaders, excavators etc. Normal bench widths are maintained at 100mtoallowsimultaneous drilling.
In order to implement an adaptive blast design strategy for open pit mines, two problems must first be solved. Technologies for optimizing drilling and blasting in open. Open mine blasting plays a pivotal role in determining the needs of all other mining activities to come. Introduction as a definition in open pit mining, bench height is the vertical distance between crest and toe of the bench fourie and dohm, 1992. A discussion is presented of the advances that have been made in rotary. The blast design defaults form opens on the drilling defaults tab. Design of open pits, with special regard to pit slope angles prediction. The second volume goes into more depth to provide a better understanding of the. In open pit mining, the use of blast masters, by designing the shape and size of the blasting polygons for the whole bench in the initial planning stages, is essential to increase eciency.
Drilling and blasting an overview sciencedirect topics. It will also enable you to start drilling in the new area prior to additional drills arriving so you can validate the drill bit recommendations for the area. Nov 01, 2018 carefully engineered blasting will be an even more important aspect of successful open pit mining as already know in the past and moreover in the future as. At the moment the layout for a blast is defined by the driller and the pit deputy. Vulcan pit optimiser pdf vulcan pit optimiser integrates with vulcan block modelling tools to help determine the optimum pit design. As a rule, open pit and coal strip mines using large drills will drill presplit holes that range from 9 to 12. Drilling and blasting cost in any project can be as high as 25% of the total production cost. There was a lack of awareness of uncomplicated, firstapproximation blast pattern design. This has ensured that the total cost parameters are considered when the mining department tries to reduce drill and blast costs. To verify that the mine has adequately considered the hazard of working near large bodies of water or fluid. Minetomill optimization projects are viable in many open pit operations and the pjv project has significant implications for the entire mining industry. Appendix e6 canadian environmental assessment agency. The aitik open pit mine, located in northern sweden, currently faces a. In the case of a tunnel blast, the first requirement is to create a void into which rock broken by the blast can expand.
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